التطور التاريخي لخطة التنمية المستدامة في أثيوبيا (pasdep) ودورها في مكافحة الفقر 2005- 2010

Abstract

Ethiopia is located in East Africa and is considered the second largest country on the continent. It is characterized by its vast area of ​​1,104,300 km2 and its population reached 76 million in 2007. It is characterized by religious diversity that includes Muslims, Christians and other traditional religions. Ethiopian society consists of different ethnic groups, the most prominent of which are (Oromo, Amhara, and Tigray). Ethiopia's history dates back to the ancient Kingdom of Aksum, one of the largest kingdoms to emerge alongside the Roman and Persian Empires. Ethiopia has experienced numerous political conflicts since the monarchy under Menelik, through the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie (1930-1974), and up to the Derg regime led by Mengistu Haile Mariam (1974-1991). This latter period was one of the most brutal in Ethiopian history, marked by widespread famines resulting from the forced displacement of farmers to southern regions under the pretext of suppressing opposition. The Soviet Union also exerted significant influence over the government and the course of events. The economic situation was dire, with the Ethiopian economy relying on agriculture for 90% of its output. Poverty was widespread and deeply entrenched, prompting successive Ethiopian governments to implement a range of economic strategies and development plans aimed at improving living standards and alleviating poverty. These plans evolved through several phases, the first of which was the Adli strategy. It focused primarily on the agricultural sector and developing industries based on agricultural products. Despite Ethiopia's efforts, it did not achieve the desired goals. This was followed by a series of development plans launched since 1994, most notably the ETP, ESD, and NEEPE initiatives to develop education, achieve gender equality, reduce the rate of early marriage for girls, and increase women's participation in the workforce. Work continued under these programs until the launch of the SDPRP initiative, which focused on addressing the challenges of water resource degradation, rationalizing its consumption, reducing deforestation, and combating desertification resulting from soil erosion, which caused a decrease in agricultural production. This was followed by the Sustainable Development Plan for Poverty Reduction (ADE 2000-2010), which allocated 70% of its budget to the poor and made enormous efforts to develop the agricultural sector, achieve food security, combat climate change, and provide hydroelectric power, sanitation services, and potable water.