الاستدامة في بلاد ما بين النهرين: دروس في إدارة الموارد والتخطيط الحضري والاعتناء بالبيئة

Abstract

Ancient Mesopotamia, located in present-day Iraq, is often regarded as the cradle of civilization, notable for its pioneering advances in agriculture, architecture, and governance. This study explores the sustainability practices embedded in Mesopotamian society, focusing on its innovative approaches to water management, urban development, and natural resource conservation. Through an examination of archaeological evidence, cuneiform texts, and historical records, the research identifies strategies such as the construction of complex irrigation systems, the use of locally sourced materials for urban planning, and the development of trade networks to alleviate resource scarcity. Religious and cultural influences, including laws and rituals that promote environmental stewardship, are also analyzed to understand their role in shaping sustainable practices. The findings reveal that ancient Mesopotamian societies effectively dealt with environmental challenges such as salinity, urban congestion, and limited natural resources through adaptive and collaborative approaches. This study underscores the relevance of these historical lessons for contemporary sustainability challenges, and offers insights into resource management, ethical governance, and resilience in the face of environmental crises.