تقويم التاجر سيأا (Si.A.a) ( عصر سلاله اور الثالثة 2112-2004 ق.م)

Abstract

      Trade is one of the main pillars of economic activity in Mesopotamia. The kings of the third dynasty of Ur were interested in trade through military campaigns to secure roads and enact laws to control trade affairs, (DAM-GAR3), which means the merchant, a Sumerian profession, and he played the role of financier for other sellers in return for a profit A certain or a certain percentage of the profit and he enjoyed a prestigious economic and social position. The tasks and activities of the merchant developed, including loaning sums and mediating the completion of transactions. He also played the role of the government agent or secretary (of the state) in some commercial transactions, especially when importing some materials from outside the country. The cuneiform texts from the era of the third dynasty of Ur referred to a number of commercial personalities, among whom was the merchant (Si.A.a) who occupied a prominent and important role in regulating trade and merchants in the era of the third dynasty of Ur, specifically in the era of the last three kings of the third state of Ur (Amar- Sen, Shu-Sin, Abe-Sin(Scholars were able to identify the number of month names belonging to merchants in this period, including the merchant (Si.A.a) Who knew him for about seventeen months, It led to a logical conclusion, which is that the merchants have applied more than one calendar system in their records and dealings, depending on the difference of the merchants who are dealt with or the cities in which the agreement was drawn up.